Cuman and Mišär word comparison
This page lists all the Cuman (Kipchak) words of the Codex Cumanicus and their equivalents in our community's Mišär. Cuman and Mišär stand side by side, so you can see how much of the old steppe Kipchak language lives on in our community. The third column gives the meaning.
A page from the Codex Cumanicus, a 14th-century Kipchak-Latin-Persian manuscript held in Venice (Unknown author (14th-century manuscript); Public domain; Wikimedia Commons)
Marks in the Mišär column: a plain word means the Mišär word is the same as the Cuman one (a cognate, the same word living on); ≠ means the Mišär word has the same meaning but is a different word (not a cognate); — means the dictionary has no equivalent for that Cuman word.
Why the Mišär language?
The greatest Turkologist of the 19th century, Vasily Radlov, concluded that of all living languages it is the Mišär dialect of Tatar that stands closest to the Cuman language of the Codex Cumanicus; Alexander Samoylovich reached the same conclusion. In their classification Mišär belongs outright to the Kipchak-Cuman group (with Crimean Tatar, Karaim, Kumyk and Karachay-Balkar), not to the Kipchak-Bulgar group that holds Kazan Tatar and Bashkir. The Sergach subdialect — the subdialect of the Estonian Tatars' ancestors — is singled out as “faithfully close to the ancient Kipchak language”.
There are three reasons:
Origin. The Mišärs descend from the Golden Horde Kipchaks who settled west of the Volga, apart from the towns of Volga Bulgaria. The Kazan dialect formed on a Volga Bulgar and Finno-Ugric substrate, which brought it many innovations; Mišär stayed aside and preserved the steppe-Kipchak shape.
Sound system. The Cuman of the Codex had an affricate č — in Mišär it is still an affricate (southern tš, in the Sergach subdialect ts: põtsak “knife”), while in the Kazan dialect it has weakened to a sibilant. Mišär a stays unrounded as in old Kipchak (Kazan rounds it towards å), and the Volga vowel shift that reshaped Kazan Tatar and Bashkir did not take hold of Mišär vocalism.
Geography. The left-bank Volga language area (Kazan–Bashkir–Mari–Udmurt) generated shared innovations; the Mišärs lived outside it. A language left out of the innovations keeps its archaic shape — just as Icelandic is the living language closest to Old Norse.
Note: the position of Radlov and Samoylovich is classic scholarship, but the modern standard classification places all of Tatar (Mišär included) in the Kipchak-Bulgar subgroup, and Mišär's exact place is debated. The Cuman of the Codex itself carried Oghuz influences. Even so, the statement that Mišär is the closest living form to the language of the Codex is repeated in the sources to this day.
How a Cuman word became Mišär
Cuman (c. 1330–40) and Mišär words are almost the same, but seven centuries have left their mark. The main regular sound changes:
y- → j- word-initially: Cuman yer → jer (earth), yaman → jaman (bad), yumurtka → jomõrka (egg).
u → o / õ: Cuman kün → kön (day), tun → tön (night), avuz → avõz (mouth). The same feature runs through the language: “o where the literary language has u”.
tš → ts (tsokanje): the Cuman affricate became ts for us — põtšak → põtsak (knife), karčaga → kartsõga (hawk).
e → ä: Cuman tengri → tängri (God), kobelek → kübäläk (butterfly).
k stays velar: the former uvular q is a plain k for us (kün, kol).
au → av: Cuman taus → tavõs (peacock), avuz → avõz (mouth).
God and religion
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
tengri | tängri | god |
frista | färeštä | angel |
peygambar | päjgambär | prophet |
yarhgamac | — | mercy |
ucmac | otsmak | paradise |
tamuc | tämug | hell |
are / algesh | täre | cross |
Elements
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
cuyas | kojaš | sun |
ay | aj | moon |
juldus | joldõz | star |
su | su | water |
yer | jer | earth |
ot | ut | fire |
salkon | salkõn (= külm / cold) | wind |
kan | kan | blood |
Time
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
cun | kön | day |
tun | tön | night |
sagat | sat | hour |
erta | irtä | morning |
tang | tang | dawn |
bukun | bügen | today |
tangdakun | jertägä ≠ | tomorrow |
World and landscape
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
dunia | dönja | world |
tengis | dingez | sea |
tag | tau | mountain |
enis | — | valley |
yol | jul | road |
tas | taš | stone |
toprac | — | dust |
el | il | province |
saar / chent | šähär | city |
eu | öj | house |
kalaa | kala | fortress |
The body
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
kiši | kiše | person |
epzi | hatõn ≠ | woman |
er | ir | man |
xac | tsäts | hair |
manglay | mangaj | forehead |
köz | küz | eye |
yangac | jangak | cheek |
agõz | avõz | mouth |
toodac | iren ≠ | lip |
tis | teš | tooth |
til | tel | tongue |
bogaz | bugaz | throat |
boyn | mujõn | neck |
archa | arka | back |
tos | tüeš | chest |
Kinship
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
atta | ata | father |
anna | ana | mother |
er | ir | husband |
chex | kõz | daughter |
ogul | ul | son |
charandas | abõj ≠ | brother |
chez charandas | apa ≠ | sister |
ullu atta | babaj ≠ | grandfather |
chain | — | father-in-law |
chuyegu | kijäü | son-in-law |
abaga | abzi ≠ | uncle |
ortac | — | companion |
Animals
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
at | alaša (at = vanem sõna) | horse |
arslan | arõslan | lion |
esac | išäk | donkey |
tongus | dungõz | pig |
ögüz | ügez | ox |
koy | koi | sheep |
koçkar | — | ram |
ečki | käjä ≠ | goat |
it | et | dog |
mazi | mätse | cat |
toua | döjä | camel |
fil | fil | elephant |
Birds
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
charachus | — | eagle |
carciga | kartsõga | hawk |
torna | torna | crane |
taus | tavõs | peacock |
bulbul | sandugats ≠ | nightingale |
totu | — | parrot |
korgui | — | sparrow |
Trees and fruit
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
terac | agats | tree |
yapuldrac | jafrak | leaf |
cabuc | kabõk | bark |
jemis | jimeš | fruit |
chiras | tsijä ≠ | cherry |
armut / chertme | armõt | pear |
nardan | — | pomegranate |
catlauc / cox | tsõklauõk | nut |
saftalu | šaftalu | peach |
eric | — | plum |
ingir | injir | fig |
Herbs and garden plants
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
sadaf | — | rue |
nanag | — | mint |
yspanac | — | spinach |
mangdan | — | parsley |
marul | — | lettuce |
salghan | šalkan | turnip |
sarmisac | aksogan ≠ | garlic |
youa | sogan | onion |
House and table
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
tub | — | foundation |
diuar | divar | wall |
tam | — | roof |
as | aš | food |
chaxan | kazan | cauldron |
chasuc | kašõk | spoon |
ayac | — | bowl |
cirac | šäm ≠ | candle |
War and weapons
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
ceryi | — | army |
cliz | kõlõts | sword |
bizac | põtsak | knife |
yaa | jäjä | bow |
toulga | dulga | helmet |
Precious stones
Cuman / Kipchak (c. 1330–40) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
llal | — | ruby |
yacut | — | sapphire |
smurut | — | emerald |
yalmas | — | diamond |
Words from the riddles
The Codex Cumanicus riddles are the oldest surviving Turkic folklore (c. 1330–40). Their words too live on almost unchanged in Mišär — below are words picked from the riddle texts and their solutions with the Mišär equivalent.
Cuman (in the riddles) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
kobelek | kübäläk | butterfly |
jumurtka | jomõrka | egg |
huun | kavõn | melon |
esik | išek | door |
bicak | põtsak | knife |
kirpi | kerpe | hedgehog |
avuz | avõz | mouth |
joh | jok | no (not) |
tas | taš | stone |
tav | tau | mountain |
ak | ak | white |
semirir | simez | fat |
oturgan | utõrõrga | to sit |
bas | basarga | to step |
jer | jer | earth |
jatir | jatarga | to lie |
icer | etsärgä | to drink |
kirer | kerergä | to enter |
More cognates from the Codex text
Beyond the thematic glossary and the riddles, Cuman↔Mišär cognates appear elsewhere in the Codex text (the alphabetical glossary, prayers, grammar). Below are hand-checked, confirmed words from among them — the Cuman form is from the machine-read text of the Kuun 1880 edition, so the spelling is approximate.
Cuman (in the Codex text) | Mišär | Estonian |
|---|---|---|
basta | bašta | At first |
jalgan | jalgan | False |
habar | häbär | News, message |
buran | buran | Blizzard |
karag | käräg | Needed, necessary |
songra | songra | Afterwards, later |
cuprak | tsüpräk | Rag, cloth |
hava | hava | Air |
canta | tšanta | Larger bag |
farda | färdä | Curtain |
alarga | alõrga | To take |
hazer | häzer | Now |
balta | balta | Axe |
tura | turõ | Straight; direct |
inde | inde | Already |
esse | esse | Hot |
yaman | jaman | Bad |
kaska | kõska | Short |
kata | katõ | Hard |
anglarga | anglarga | To understand |
jana | jänä | Once more |
tamar | tamõr | Root |
ayak | ajak | Foot; leg |
tuman | tuman | Fog |
bolgan | bõlgan | Has been |
idan | idän | Floor |
ayran | äjrän | Ayran |
irek | irek | Freedom |
daru | daru | Medicine |
mong | mong | Soulful melancholy (in music) |
surat | surät | Picture |
aval | avõl | Village |
bazar | bazar | Market |
bala | bala | Child |
tang | tang | Dawn |
kayda | kajda | Where |
tugan | tugan | Relative |
baska | baška | Other, different |
anda | anda | There; to there |
nica | nitsä | How many |
agar | ägär | If |
alar | alar | They |
irin | irin | Lip |
dört | dört | Four |
meng | meng | Thousand |
kara | kara | Black |
sara | sarõ | Yellow |
kayma | köjmä | Boat |
kaca | katšõ | Scissors |
piala | piala | Drinking glass |
ulan | ul | son |
False friends
Some Cuman words look similar to ours but mean something entirely different — these were left out of the comparison:
Cuman (Codex) | Meaning | Similar Mišär word | Its meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
saban | plough | sabõn | soap |
ojak | hearth | ojõk | sock |
arak | arrack (liquor) | arõk | thin |
alla | (a Latin word) | Alla | God |
Full Cuman vocabulary
The full Cuman vocabulary machine-read from the Codex full text (Kuun 1880). The Mišär column is filled where our dictionary has a similar-looking word — spelling is approximate (OCR), and the Mišär match is provisional, unconfirmed.
Cuman (Kipchak) | First documented | Latin | English | Mišär |
|---|---|---|---|---|
achel | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sapienda | wisdom | — |
aci | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | acer | sharp | — |
acsan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vesperas | evening | — |
agac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | scortia | bark | agats |
agaclar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tarina | tarina | — |
ager | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | leuis | light | — |
alayoh | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tahter | tahter | — |
alda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | decipe | to deceive | — |
aldadum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | decepi | to deceive | — |
aldarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | decipio | to deceive | — |
aldum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | accepi | to take | — |
algil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | accipe | to take | — |
alistum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | canbiaui | to exchange | — |
alistun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mutuauj | to borrow | — |
alisturmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | canbium | exchange | — |
altun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | aurum | gold | altõn |
alurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | accipio | to take | — |
amanat | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | recomendatio | recommendation | — |
anda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | illuc | thither | anda |
andan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | inde | thence | — |
angladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | intelessi | to understand | — |
anglarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | inteligo | to understand | — |
aninchibi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sic | thus | — |
anmad | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | pluiuit | it rained | — |
anna | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mater | mother | — |
anucladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | preparauj | to prepare | — |
anuclarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | preparo | to prepare | — |
araba | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | currii | to run | — |
artchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | supera | to overcome | — |
artin | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | superauj | to overcome | — |
artinda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | retro | back | — |
artmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | besatie | besatie | — |
asardun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | comedi | to eat | — |
asarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | comedo | to eat | — |
asfac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | trauus | beam | — |
assa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | comede | to eat | — |
astlanci | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | reuenditor | reseller | — |
atagdim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nominauj | to name | — |
atlandum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | equitaui | to ride | — |
atlanurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | equito | to ride | — |
attagil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nomina | to name | — |
aurex | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nriuata | nriuata | — |
axrac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | modice | a little | — |
ay'' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | december | December | — |
ayas | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | clarum | clear | ajaz |
aytun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dic | to say | — |
ayturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dico | to say | — |
azchuz | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | clauis | key | — |
aztim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | famescis | to be hungry | — |
bacca | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ortus | garden | — |
bachan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | bracile | belt | — |
bager | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ramum | branch | — |
bages | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | donum | gift | büläk |
bagesladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | donauj | to give | — |
baglagan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ligator | binder | — |
bal | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mel | honey | — |
balta | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | manayra | manayra | balta |
balucladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | piscauj | to fish | — |
bardun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lui | to pay | — |
bargil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vade | to go | — |
barmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sum | I am | — |
barumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vado | to go | — |
basa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | etiam | also | — |
basladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | incepi | to begin | — |
baslarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | incipio | to begin | — |
basmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | argorge | argorge | — |
baxar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | forum | market | bazar |
baxargan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mercator | merchant | — |
bayhc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dmitia | dmitia | — |
begaya | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | crastatus | castrated | — |
begir | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | stringe | to tighten | — |
bepus | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | calcea | shoe | — |
berch | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | firmamentum | firmament | — |
berchit | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fortifica | to fortify | — |
berchittim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fortificauj | to fortify | — |
berchiturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fortifico | to fortify | — |
berdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dedi | to give | — |
bestlarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nutro | to nourish | — |
bexarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | renuncio | to renounce | — |
bexdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | renunciauj | to renounce | — |
bicac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | curtellum | small knife | — |
bicchi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | serra | saw | — |
bilurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | scio | to know | — |
birarda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | aliquando | sometimes | — |
birchat | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | distortiis | distorted | — |
bisturumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | maturo | to ripen | — |
bisurtim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | maturauj | to ripen | — |
bit | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sexcupes | sexcupes | — |
bochorich | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | caminu | chimney | — |
bol | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | esto | be! | — |
bolor | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cristallus | crystal | — |
bolurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fio | to become | — |
bolus | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | adiuua | to help | — |
boluzurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | adiuuo | to help | — |
borci | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | capelerius | hatter | — |
bosan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | espedias | espedias | — |
bosanmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | espedicio | espedicio | — |
bosat | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | absolue | to release | — |
bosatim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | absolui | to release | — |
bosatmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | absolutio | absolution | — |
bosattim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | alargaui | to widen | — |
bosaturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | absoluo | to release | — |
boyadum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tinssi | to dye | — |
boyagil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tinge | to dye | — |
boyarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tmgo | to dye | — |
bucchi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | forfices | scissors | katšõ |
bulbul | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | rosignolus | nightingale | sandugats |
bulgasturdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | misculauj | to mix | — |
bulud | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nubiloxum | cloudy | — |
buniat | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fondamentum | foundation | — |
burarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | torcuj | to twist | — |
burgular | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tronbe | tronbe | — |
burnj | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | rangus | rangus | — |
buyurgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | precipe | to command | — |
cachimac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blasmu | to blame | — |
cachuc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | marpius | marpius | — |
cacuc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | martellus | hammer | — |
cagigilscappin'' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blasma | to blame | — |
calarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sono | to sound | — |
calgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sona | to sound | — |
carci | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | merzarius | merzarius | — |
carciga'' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | terzororius | terzororius | — |
caren | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | venter | belly | — |
caristururmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | misculo | to mix | — |
casidun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | gratauj | gratauj | — |
caynaturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | bulio | to boil | — |
chain | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | socer | socer | — |
chaldum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sonauj | to sound | — |
chaltac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | rofiana | rofiana | — |
chara | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | atrementum | ink | — |
charandas | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | frater | brother | — |
charangu | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | scuritas | darkness | — |
chater | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mulus | mule | — |
chatistur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tempera | to temper | — |
chatisturdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | temperauj | to temper | — |
chatisturmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | temperancia | temperance | — |
chaxac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | testiculum | testicle | — |
chaxan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | calderonus | cauldron | — |
chazarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fugio | to flee | — |
chear | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cocomarum | cucumber | kõjar |
chebac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | brenum | bran | — |
cheege | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | astor | hawk | kartsõga |
cheldum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | venj | to come | — |
chelurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | venio | to come | — |
chendir | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | canauatium | canauatium | — |
cherden | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blasmaui | to blame | — |
chertlap' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ubi | where | — |
chescha | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | curtus | short | kõska |
cheschac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tenagie | tongs | — |
chestrac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | leopardus | leopard | — |
chetarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | recedo | to withdraw | — |
chetchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | recede | to withdraw | — |
chetum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | recedi | to withdraw | — |
chex | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | filia | daughter | — |
chezarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | transeo | to cross | — |
chezchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | transe | to cross | — |
chezchir | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | crida | to shout | — |
chezchirdun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cridaui | to shout | — |
chindic | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lonbiculum | navel | — |
chisi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | pacificus | peaceful | — |
chocradi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tonauit | it thundered | — |
chocrar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tonat | it thunders | — |
chomarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | subterro | to bury | — |
chomdun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | subterrauj | to bury | — |
chondardum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | retificauj | to rectify | — |
chondargil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | retifica | to rectify | — |
chondarumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | retifico | to rectify | — |
chorarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | video | to see | — |
chorclu | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | bay | bay | — |
chorgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vide | to see | — |
chorsux | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | turpis | ugly | jämsez |
chouruc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sulfarus | sulfur | — |
chox | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nuces | nuts | tsõklauõk |
chulag | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | palpebre | eyelids | — |
churuit | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sichus | dry | — |
cibin | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | musca | fly | — |
cirac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | candela | candle | — |
cirachc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | candelabru | candlestick | — |
circhin | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | turpis | ugly | jämsez |
cisdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | scripsi | to write | — |
cisgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | scribe | to write | — |
cismac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | scriba | scribe | — |
coarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dimito | to send away | — |
cobar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | edifica | to build | — |
cobardun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | edificaui | to build | — |
coc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blauum | blue | — |
coigan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | rehctus | left | — |
comic | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cazia | cazia | — |
comur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | carbonum | coal | — |
congul | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cor | heart | jöräk |
consi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vicin | neighbour | — |
corgasin | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | plunbum | lead | — |
corgusurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ostendo | to show | — |
corguxdun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | monstrauj | to show | — |
corguxgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | monstra | to show | — |
cormac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vista | sight | — |
corunurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | videor | to seem | — |
courumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | voluo | to roll | — |
coy | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ceriuis | ceriuis | — |
coygil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dimitte | to send away | — |
coyscan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | posna | posna | — |
csuoupltaluc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | granum | grain | igen |
cuc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | labor | work | eš |
cun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | junge | to join | — |
cursac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vcsica | bladder | — |
curt | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vermis | worm | kort |
curuc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mantexi | mantexi | — |
cusamac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | desiderium | desire | — |
cusandum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | desiderauj | to desire | — |
cusanurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | desidero | to desire | — |
cutulmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | euaxio | euaxio | — |
cuyas | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sol | sun | — |
cuygil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | especta | to wait | — |
d''i | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ciceri | chickpea | — |
echinzi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | secundus | second | ikentse |
ecsit | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | diminue | to lessen | — |
ecsittim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | diminuj | to lessen | — |
ecsuc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | minus | less | — |
egricsi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | curpabilis | guilty | — |
ehsi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | bruscus | bruscus | — |
elicladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | irrixi | to mock | — |
eliclagil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | irride | to mock | — |
eliclarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | irrideo | to mock | — |
eltchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | duc | to lead | — |
elttim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dussi | dussi | — |
eltum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | portauj | to carry | — |
elturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | duco | to lead | — |
elzi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | missus | sent | — |
emdi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | modo | now | — |
emdurmis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | abasatus | abasatus | — |
enarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | descendo | to descend | — |
engil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | descende | to descend | — |
eric | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | soseyna | soseyna | — |
ersacsis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | castus | chaste | — |
ersaczi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | liisuriossus | liisuriossus | — |
erta | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tempestiue | in season | — |
esac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | asinus | donkey | išäk |
esiticedi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiueramus | to hear | — |
esitilar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuerut | to hear | — |
esitkaysis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audietis | to hear | — |
esitmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | auditus | hearing | — |
esitti | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuit | to hear | — |
esittic | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuimus | to hear | — |
esitticersa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuimus | to hear | — |
esittilarersa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuermt | to hear | — |
esittimessa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audire | to hear | — |
esittingis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuistis | to hear | — |
esitularedi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuerat | to hear | — |
esitungusedi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiueratis | to hear | — |
esitur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audit | to hear | — |
esiturbis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audimus | to hear | — |
esituredi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiebat | to hear | — |
esituredim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiebam | to hear | — |
esitureding | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiebas | to hear | — |
esituredingis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiebatis | to hear | — |
esitureduc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiebamus | to hear | — |
esiturlar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiut | to hear | — |
esitursis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | auditis | to hear | — |
essitingersa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiuis | to hear | — |
essittimersa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audiueim | to hear | — |
etarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | facio | to do | — |
etchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fac | to do | — |
etic | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | calceamentum | footwear | — |
eticci | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | calegarius | shoemaker | — |
etim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | feci | to do | — |
eyar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | pfinellus | pfinellus | — |
eyarci | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | frenerius | frenerius | — |
eziturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | audio | to hear | — |
frista | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | angelus | angel | färeštä |
gham | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | acerbus | bitter | — |
gif | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | hora | hour | — |
girgac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | taliatoius | taliatoius | — |
girtchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | delaceratura | tear | — |
girttum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | delacera | to tear | — |
habar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | noua | new | häbär |
ianar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lanterna | lantern | — |
ingir | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ficus | fig | injir |
ir' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | adisco | to learn | — |
iragirmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | alargo | to widen | — |
is' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | erba | herb | — |
isanurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | confido | to trust | — |
islamac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | opera | work | — |
ixdarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | inquiro | to inquire | — |
iztum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | bibi | to drink | — |
izzandum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | confidi | to trust | — |
izzangil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | confide | to trust | — |
jarastur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ordinatio | ordering | — |
jengul | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | leuis | light | — |
jnandum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | crede | to believe | — |
jnangil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | credencia | belief | — |
jurumladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | jurum | oath | — |
juuarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lauo | to wash | — |
juudun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | laua | to wash | — |
kalam | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | calamus | reed | — |
kaldum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | remansi | to remain | — |
kalgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | remane | to remain | — |
kalurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | remaneo | to remain | — |
kar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nix | snow | — |
kaytchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | reuerte | to return | — |
kayturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | reuertor | to return | — |
lishirmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mordo | to bite | — |
lurarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | siirgo | siirgo | — |
maaiunlar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | confeti | confeti | — |
mangdan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | petroscmulum | parsley | — |
mariand | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | corallo | coral | — |
maruimac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lenticula | lentil | — |
marul | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | latucha | lettuce | — |
mayan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | principaliter | chiefly | — |
maydan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | planura | plain | — |
mecunem | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ofendo | to offend | — |
mefaben | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | torceo | to twist | — |
mendabar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | habeo | to have | — |
mesoen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cresco | to grow | — |
mianzi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | censarius | censarius | — |
monda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | hic | here | — |
mulcradum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | hereditauj | to inherit | — |
mulcrarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | heredito | to inherit | — |
muna | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ecce | behold | — |
munza | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tantum | only | — |
naal | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ferrus | iron | timer |
nacslagan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | inpintor | painter | — |
nafas | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | flatus | breath | — |
naffas | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | alenun | alenun | — |
nasic | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ncisifius | ncisifius | — |
necic | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | quomodo | how | — |
neza | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | quid | what | — |
nisan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | signum | sign | — |
nocta | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | punctus | point | — |
nop | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | veterus | old | iske |
ogrula | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | furtus | theft | — |
oltur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sede | to sit | — |
olturdun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | secli | secli | — |
olturumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sedeo | to sit | — |
olu | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mortuus | dead | — |
opea | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | coram | before | — |
oprac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | corigia | strap | — |
orda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | curia | court | — |
orman | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | boscus | forest | urman |
oscadim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | similauj | to resemble | — |
oscurdun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tusciuj | tusciuj | — |
otluc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | foxinu | foxinu | — |
ottala | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | medica | to heal | — |
ottaladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | medicauj | to heal | — |
ottalarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | medico | to heal | — |
otunz | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mutuum | loan | — |
ourangip | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | adisce | to learn | — |
ourat | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | doce | to teach | — |
ouratum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | docui | to teach | — |
ourluc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | semen | seed | — |
ous | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | segara | segara | — |
oyn'' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lux | light | — |
pansanbe | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | veneris | Friday | — |
peroxa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | jaspidun | jaspidun | — |
raxiana | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | feniculus | fennel | — |
rox | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tertia | third | — |
sachex | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | masticum | chewing | — |
sacla | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | custodi | to guard | — |
saclamac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | custodia | guard | — |
saclan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | caue | to beware | — |
saclandum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cauuj | cauuj | — |
saclarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | custodio | to guard | — |
sadaf | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ruta | rue | — |
safar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | viaticus | viaticus | — |
sagengil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cogita | to think | — |
sagenurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | puto | to think | — |
sagenz | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cogitatio | thought | — |
saglic | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sanitas | health | — |
sagsis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | infirmus | sick | avõru |
sahar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cucharo | spoon | šähär |
salam | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | salutatio | greeting | — |
sanadum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | numerauj | to count | — |
sanagil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | numera | to count | — |
sanarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | numero | to count | — |
sang | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | gerd | gerd | — |
sanzchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | punge | to prick | — |
saoc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | frigus | cold | salkõn |
sar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mismerllus | mismerllus | — |
satarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vendo | to sell | — |
satchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vende | to sell | — |
sausar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | martori | martori | — |
saxagan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | serpens | snake | — |
sazchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | semina | to sow | — |
schinia | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | turnus | turnus | — |
secharmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | spremo | to squeeze | — |
sechirgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | salta | to jump | — |
sechirumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | salto | to jump | — |
semix | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | pinguis | fat | — |
sesarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | desligo | to untie | — |
seschil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | desliga | to untie | — |
sesmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sentimentum | feeling | — |
sestum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | desligaui | to untie | — |
sexarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sentio | to feel | — |
sexdin | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sentiuj | to feel | — |
seyraq | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | rarus | rare | siräk |
sicclian | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ratiis | ratiis | — |
silcchip | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | scrolla | scrolla | — |
silctum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | srolauj | srolauj | — |
sinduc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | capsia | box | — |
sindur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fracturo | to break | — |
sindurdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fregi | to break | — |
sindururmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | frango | to break | — |
sisarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | inflo | to inflate | — |
sistin | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | inflauj | to inflate | — |
sixgirdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | siuorauj | siuorauj | — |
sixgirgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | siuora | siuora | — |
sixgirurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | siuoro | siuoro | — |
sochul | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blasfema | to blaspheme | — |
socmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blasfemia | blasphemy | — |
soctum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blasfemaui | to blaspheme | — |
soitan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | soldan | sultan | — |
sokarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | blasfemio | to blaspheme | — |
soltan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | rex | king | — |
sonbul | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | spicus | spicus | — |
sondur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | estinge | to extinguish | — |
sondurdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | estinsi | to extinguish | — |
songra | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | postea | afterwards | songra |
sorarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | interrogo | to question | — |
sorgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | interroga | to question | — |
soslarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | loquor | to speak | — |
souat | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ossun | bone | — |
soudum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | amaui | to love | — |
soumac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | amor | love | mähäbbät |
sousadun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sitiuj | to thirst | — |
sousagan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sitiens | thirsty | — |
sousamac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sitis | thirst | — |
souus | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | amicus | friend | dus |
sozuldum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dispohaui | dispohaui | — |
sudem | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | creui | to grow | — |
sungulza | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lanceta | lancet | — |
surtarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | ungo | to anoint | — |
surtchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | unge | to anoint | — |
surtum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | unsi | anointed | — |
suruna | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | caramella | caramella | — |
tabac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tefania | tefania | — |
tac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dispar | unequal | — |
taff | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | quito | quito | — |
taftar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | manuale | manual | — |
tafyrci | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tanburlus | tanburlus | — |
tagay' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cognatus | relative | — |
tamam | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | conplementum | completion | — |
tamar | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vena | vein | tamõr |
tamasa | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | gazayra | gazayra | — |
tandum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | negauj | to deny | — |
tangda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cras | tomorrow | — |
tangil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nega | to deny | — |
tanidum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cognoui | to know | — |
tanigil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cognosce | to know | — |
tanimac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cognosimentum | knowledge | — |
tanirmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cognosco | to know | — |
tanladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cerniuj | cerniuj | — |
tanlastin | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | examinaui | to examine | — |
tanlasurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | examino | to examine | — |
taraxu | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | balancie | balance | — |
tartarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tiro | to pull | — |
tartchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tira | to pull | — |
tartindum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | infinsi | infinsi | — |
tartingil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mfinge | mfinge | — |
tartum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tirauj | to pull | — |
tas | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | bacile | basin | — |
tascari | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | foras | outside | — |
tatli | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dulce | sweet | — |
tatmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sapor | taste | täm |
tehnas | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | torcimanus | interpreter | — |
tengis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mare | sea | — |
terac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | arbor | tree | agats |
terc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cito | quickly | — |
termac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | unguis | nail | — |
tesich | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | foramen | hole | — |
texmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | forame | hole | — |
teyra | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | contrata | region | — |
ticharmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | consuo | to sew | — |
tichil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | consue | to sew | — |
tichmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | custura | seam | — |
ticma | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fisus | fisus | — |
tictim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | consuj | to sew | — |
til | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | lingua | tongue | — |
tiladum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | voluj | to want | — |
tilamac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | voluntas | will | — |
tilamadum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | noluj | did not want | — |
tilarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | volo | to want | — |
tingladun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | quiesci | to rest | — |
tinglarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | quiesco | to rest | — |
tirilurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vivo | to live | — |
tis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dens | tooth | — |
tisla | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | morde | to bite | — |
tislamac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | morsus | bite | — |
titra | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | trema | to tremble | — |
titramac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tremitus | trembling | — |
tolamac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | solutio | solution | — |
toodac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | labiun | lip | — |
torchul'' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fractus | broken | — |
tos | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | puluis | dust | — |
tougam | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | natus | born | — |
toxarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sufero | to suffer | — |
toxdun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | duraui | duraui | — |
toxgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sufer | to suffer | — |
toxmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | suferta | suffering | — |
toy | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | conuiuium | feast | — |
trasiden | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | radidi | to shave | — |
tub | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | radis | root | — |
tubinda | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | inferius | below | — |
tupcurdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sputauj | to spit | — |
tupcurgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sputa | to spit | — |
tupcurumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sputo | to spit | — |
tur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sta | to stand | — |
turumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | sto | to stand | — |
tusaturmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | emendo | to correct | — |
tusi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | femina | woman | — |
tutmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | tactus | touch | — |
tutum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fumus | smoke | — |
tutun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | fumus | smoke | — |
tux | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | emendatio | correction | — |
tuxattum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | emendauj | to correct | — |
ucclamis | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | culpabilis | guilty | — |
ucmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | paradisus | paradise | otsmak |
ucun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | propter | because of | — |
uiurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dormio | to sleep | — |
ulaschil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | diuide | to divide | — |
ulasmac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | diuixio | division | — |
ulastum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | diuixi | to divide | — |
ulasurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | diuido | to divide | — |
ululuc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | macrnitudo | magnitude | — |
urdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | percussi | to strike | — |
urluc | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | semen | seed | — |
ururmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | percuteo | to strike | — |
ustun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | super | above | — |
uyanurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | reuigilo | to wake | — |
uzchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vola | to want | — |
xingil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | catena | chain | — |
yaane | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | quis | who | — |
yalbargil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | roga | to ask | — |
yangac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | maxilla | jaw | — |
yangur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | nix | snow | — |
yapchil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | coperta | cover | — |
yarasti | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | doleo | to hurt | — |
yarastim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | concorda | to agree | — |
yarasur | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | decuit | it was fitting | — |
yaratchan | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | creatura | creature | — |
yaregh | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | viuus | alive | tere |
yarguzi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | consul | to advise | — |
yarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | mitto | to send | — |
yaru | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | pauper | poor | — |
yasirumen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | abscondo | to hide | — |
yax | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cabana | hut | — |
yazandum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dubita | to doubt | — |
yetarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | adiunssi | to join | — |
yglarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | plorauj | to weep | — |
ynac | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | monton | monton | — |
yol | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | vidi | to see | — |
yrladim | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | canta | to sing | — |
yrlagil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cantus | song | jõr |
yrlarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cantaui | to sing | — |
yucladun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | honera | to load | — |
yuctusurdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | discarigaui | discarigaui | — |
yugurdum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | curre | to run | — |
yugururmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | cucurri | to run | — |
yuldum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | redime | to redeem | — |
yulgil | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | redempcio | redemption | — |
yuludum | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | rade | to shave | — |
yulurmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | metrasse | metrasse | — |
yung | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | linum | flax | — |
yungul | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | dester | right | — |
yuxacla | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | clauatura | lock | — |
yuxarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | natauj | to swim | — |
yuzi | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | yulunguc | yulunguc | — |
yxba' | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | clauatura | lock | — |
yydun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | missi | to send | — |
zagarmen | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | accuso | to accuse | — |
zaynadun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | masticauj | to chew | — |
zigardun | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | extrassi | to extract | — |
zigargip | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | extrahe | to extract | — |
ziray | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | depinge | to paint | — |
zopla | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | colige | to collect | — |
zoura | Codex Cumanicus (German part, c. 1330–40) | circuytus | circuytus | — |
See also
Sources: Cuman words — Géza Kuun, “Codex Cumanicus” (Budapest 1880); Mišär equivalents — this project's dictionary. See also the article “Codex Cumanicus”.